Epithelial membrane antigen and DOG1 expression in minor salivary gland tumours.

Epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and DOG1 are used as marker of epithelial cells, particularly the luminal cells, of salivary gland tumours. The aim of this study was to compare the EMA and DOG1 expression in tumours of minor salivary glands. Cases of pleomorphic adenoma (PA), basal cell adenoma (BCA), canalicular adenoma (CA), adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), polymorphous adenocarcinoma (PAC), mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) and epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC) were submitted to immunohistochemistry for EMA and DOG1. In PA and BCA, EMA and DOG1 were observed in luminal cells, while in CA the tumour cells were negative for both proteins. The EMA and DOG1 pattern expression detected in EMC was similar to that one observed in benign tumours. In ACC, both myoepithelial e epithelial expressed EMA and DOG-1. PAC tumour cells were only positive for DOG1, whereas MEC were only positive for EMA. In conclusion, EMA and DOG1 expression in benign salivary gland tumours was similar to normal salivary gland tissue and can be used as good marker of tumoral cells derived from intercalated ducts or its progenitor cells, while in malignant salivary gland tumours EMA expression is, however, better used as an indicator of aggressive behavior than a marker of luminal cells.

Presence of Cells in Fresh-Frozen Allogeneic Bone Grafts from Different Tissue Banks.

Bone replacement materials have been widely used to reconstruct atrophic jawbones. Based on previous reports demonstrating the presence of viable cells in bone blocks even after processing by musculoskeletal tissue banks for orthopedic use, the aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of cells in bone blocks from three Brazilian tissue banks for maxillary reconstructions. All samples were processed by the respective tissue banks, according to the guidelines of the Brazilian National Sanitary Surveillance Agency. Three samples were removed from each block for subsequent histological processing and stained using hematoxylin & eosin. Further evaluation included section staining by the Feulgen method and ultrastructural analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Light microscopy images from all bone samples showed presence of osteocyte-like cells in all groups and intense Feulgen staining, demonstrating presence of DNA in bone even after tissue processing. The ultrastructural analysis showed red blood cells in lacunae within the bone tissue. In conclusion, despite bone tissue processing by the musculoskeletal tissue banks, cells may be found within the bone used for allogeneic grafts.

Presence of Cells in Fresh-Frozen Allogeneic Bone Grafts from Different Tissue Banks

Bone replacement materials have been widely used to reconstruct atrophic jawbones. Based on previous reports demonstrating the presence of viable cells in bone blocks even after processing by musculoskeletal tissue banks for orthopedic use, the aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of cells in bone blocks from three Brazilian tissue banks for maxillary reconstructions. All samples were processed by the respective tissue banks, according to the guidelines of the Brazilian National Sanitary Surveillance Agency. Three samples were removed from each block for subsequent histological processing and stained using hematoxylin & eosin. Further evaluation included section staining by the Feulgen method and ultrastructural analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Light microscopy images from all bone samples showed presence of osteocyte-like cells in all groups and intense Feulgen staining, demonstrating presence of DNA in bone even after tissue processing. The ultrastructural analysis showed red blood cells in lacunae within the bone tissue. In conclusion, despite bone tissue processing by the musculoskeletal tissue banks, cells may be found within the bone used for allogeneic grafts.

Resumo Substitutos ósseos têm sido amplamente utilizados para reconstrução de ossos maxilares atróficos. Uma vez que relatos anteriores demonstram a existência de células viáveis em blocos ósseos após processamento pelos bancos de tecidos músculo-esqueléticos para uso ortopédico, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a presença de células provenientes de três bancos de tecidos músculo-esqueléticos do Brasil. Todas as amostras foram processadas pelos respectivos bancos seguindo as normas da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária brasileira. Foi realizada a retirada de 3 amostras de cada bloco, que foram destinadas para processamento histológico e subsequente coloração por hematoxilina e eosina e Feugen e análise ultra-estrutural através de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). As imagens de microscopia de luz de todos os fragmentos de enxertos ósseos mostraram presença de células do tipo osteócito em todos os grupos avaliados, bem como intensa coloração por Feulgen, demonstrando a presença de DNA nos ossos mesmo após o processamento realizado. As análises ultraestruturais evidenciaram a presença de hemácias nas lacunas do tecido ósseo. Conclui-se que mesmo após os processamentos realizados pelos bancos de tecidos músculo-esqueléticos é possível encontrar células nos ossos utilizados para enxertia alógena.

Verruciform xanthoma: case report / Xantoma verruciforme: relato de caso clínico

ABSTRACT Verruciform xanthoma is a rare, benign lesion, with a papillary aspect, asymptomatic, sessile, white colored, and well-demarcated, that occurs in the gingiva and alveolar mucosa. The histopathological aspect is characterized by the presence of macrophages with foam cytoplasm (xanthoma cells) confined to the soft papillary tissue. The etiology and pathogenic mechanisms are unknown, although some hypothesis, such as local trauma or viral origin have been suggested. The aim of this article was report a clinical case of verruciform xanthoma located in the gingiva showing the clinical and histopathological aspects.

RESUMO O xantoma verruciforme é uma lesão muito rara, benigna, com aspecto papilar, indolor, séssil, localizada, principalmente, na gengiva e mucosa alveolar, podendo ocorrer na pele e genitália. O grau de queratinização da superfície influencia na cor, variando de branca a vermelha. Histopatologicamente é caracterizado pela presença de macrófagos com citoplasma espumoso (células de xantoma) acumulados e confinados ao tecido conjuntivo papilar. Criptas invaginadas alternam-se com extensões papilares. As cristas epiteliais alongadas estendem-se para a lâmina própria em profundidade uniforme. Sua etiologia e patogênese são desconhecidas, apesar de várias hipóteses terem sido sugeridas, como trauma local ou viral. O diagnóstico diferencial pode incluir o papiloma escamoso, o carcinoma escamoso papilar e o condiloma acuminado. O tratamento é a excisão conservadora e o prognóstico é excelente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar um caso clínico de xantoma verruciforme localizado na gengiva inserida mostrando seu aspecto clínico e histopatológico.

Solitary fibrous tumos ot the hard palate: a rare entity in oral Cavity / Tumor fibroso solitário do palato duro: um achado raro na cavidade bucal

Um caso de tumor fibroso solitário em cavidade oral é reportado. O tumor fibroso solitário é uma neoplasia rara caracterizada por uma proliferação de células fusiformes de origem mesenquimatosa e é responsável por menos de 2% de todos os tumores de tecidos moles. No presente caso, o diagnóstico clínico inicial foi direcionado para um tumor de glândula salivar em decorrência da localização em palato duro. Histologicamente, o tumor era composto por tecido conjuntivo com proliferação de células fusiformes e ovaladas. Imunoistoquímica da lesão foi positiva para CD34 e CD99. A lesão foi tratada por ressecção cirúrgica. Os dados clínicos, imaginológicos, histológicos eimunoistoquímica são discutidos neste estudo.

A case of solitary fibrous tumor is reported. Solitary fibrous tumor is a rare neoplasia characterized by the proliferation offusiform cells of mesenchymal origin accounting for at least 2% of all soft tissue tumors.In this present case, the initial diagnosis was salivary gland tumor because of the location in the hard palate. Histologically, the tumor was composed by conjunctive tissue with proliferation of oval and fusiform cells. The immunohistochemical analysis was positive for CD34 and CD99. The lesion was treated by surgical resection. The clinical, imaging, histological and immunohistochemical data are discussed in this study

Sialolithiasis of minor salivary glands / Sialolitíase de glândulas salivares menores

Sialolithiasis, or salivary calculus, is a disease of the salivary glands, characterized by the formation of mineralized structures within the excretory salivary ducts or the glandular parenchyma. Approximately 80% occur in the submandibular gland, followed by the parotid and sublingual glands. Although rare, sialolithiasis can also occur in the minor salivary glands. Although the oral cavity and upper lip are the most common sites, they can develop in any region of the oral cavity that contains minor salivary glands. Treatment is based on surgical excision of the lesion, with a favorable prognosis. This study presents three cases of sialolithiasis of minor salivary glands of the upper and lower lip, addresses their clinical characteristics and correlation with microscopic findings, diagnosis and treatment plans. Etiology and factors that should be considered during diagnosis, appropriate treatment and improved prognosis are discussed in this study. .

A sialolitíase, ou cálculo salivar é uma doença de glândulas salivares, caracterizada pela formação de estrutura mineralizada no interior dos ductos salivares excretores ou no próprio parênquima glandular. A glândula submandibular é acometida em aproximadamente 80% dos casos seguida das glândulas parótida e sublingual. Embora raro o cálculo salivar também pode ocorrer em glândulas salivares menores. O lábio superior e a mucosa oral são os sítios de envolvimento de maior frequência, embora possam desenvolver-se em qualquer região da cavidade oral que contenha glândulas salivares menores. O tratamento baseia-se na remoção cirurgia, com prognóstico favorável. Este artigo apresenta três casos raros de sialolitíase de glândula salivar menor localizados em lábio superior e inferior, abordando as características clínicas e sua relação com os achados microscópicos, diagnóstico e formas de tratamento. A etiologia da lesão e fatores que devem ser considerados para o diagnóstico, tratamento adequado e um melhor prognóstico são discutidos neste estudo.

The role of FGF-2/HGF and fibronectin matrix on pleomorphic adenoma myoepithelial cell morphology and immunophenotype: an in vitro study.

Myoepithelial cells play a central role in glandular tumors, regulating the progression of in situ to invasive neoplasias, with the tumor microenvironment being shown to be involved in both initiation and progression. This study aimed to analyze the in vitro effects of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in myoepithelial cells under the influence of the fibronectin matrix extracellular protein. Benign myoepithelial cells were obtained from pleomorphic adenoma and cultured on a fibronectin substratum. FGF-2 and HGF were supplemented at different concentrations and time intervals, in order to evaluate cell proliferation, morphology and immunophenotype. Individually, FGF-2 and HGF supplementation did not alter myoepithelial cell proliferation, morphology or immunophenotype. The fibronectin substratum provoked an increase in cell proliferation and immunopositivity for α-smooth muscle actin and FGF-2. The myoepithelial cell morphology changed when the fibronectin substratum and FGF-2 acted together, highlighting the importance of the fibronectin extracellular matrix protein on the behavior of these cells.

The EGF signaling pathway influences cell migration and the secretion of metalloproteinases by myoepithelial cells in pleomorphic adenoma.

During tumor development, benign neoplastic cells are influenced by the expression of cytokines, growth factors, and proteases present in the tumor microenvironment. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is the most studied growth factor and is considered important for cell proliferation and migration. Metalloproteinases (MMPs) are also involved in tumor progression. The present study aimed to analyze the proliferation, viability and migration index of pleomorphic adenoma myoepithelial cells, in addition to the secretion of MMPs with EGF supplementation. Benign myoepithelial cells were cultured with two different EGF doses (5 and 10 ng/ml), and the influence of EGF on cell proliferation and viability, using trypan blue and MTT assays, respectively, after 24, 48, and 72 h, was evaluated. To analyze cellular morphology, hematoxylin-eosin staining and indirect immunofluorescence using the anti-vimentin antibody, was performed. In vitro migration assays were performed in Transwell chambers with an 8-µm pore covered with Matrigel and supplemented with 5 or 10 ng/ml of EGF, after 96 h. After 4 days of cell culture, ELISA was performed to determine the MMP-2 and MMP-13 levels. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc Tukey test was applied, with a significance level of 0.05. The results revealed that EGF influences myoepithelial cell morphology, without alteration of proliferation and viability. The migration assay showed that EGF increased the mean index from 16 % in the control group to 40 and 76 % for 5 and 10 ng/ml of EGF, respectively. ELISA revealed that when the cells were supplemented with either of the EGF doses, an increase in MMP-2 levels was observed when compared with the control group (C). This study concludes that EGF aids in the production of MMP-2, which favors the dissolution of the basement membrane, contributing to cell migration and tumor progression, hence permitting contact between the myoepithelial cells and stroma.

A rare presentation of multiple talon cusps / Uma rara apresentação de múltiplas cúspides em garra

A talon cusp is a relatively rare dental developmental anomaly characterized by the presence of accessory cusp-like structure projecting from the cingulum area or cementoenamel junction. It is frequently found on the palatal surface of the maxillary anterior teeth in the permanent dentition. The etiology is controversial, but it is suggested that this condition has a multifactorial cause, including both genetic and environmental factors. Radiographically talon cusps are radiopaque structures, in which the enamel, dentin and occasionally the pulp can be seen. The alteration is generally asymptomatic, but it may cause clinical problems eventually. Early diagnosis is important to prevent occlusal interference, irritation of the tongue, pulpal necrosis, caries and periodontal alterations. Clinical management of talon cusps may be either conservative or radical, depending on the size and shape of the affected tooth. We report a rare case of talon cusps involving all six maxillary anterior teeth in a 20-year-old patient.

Cúspide em garra é uma anomalia dental do desenvolvimento relativamente rara caracterizada por uma estrutura acessória em forma de cúspide projetando-se da área do cíngulo ou junção amelocementária. Ela é frequentemente encontrada na face palatina dos dentes maxilares anteriores na dentição permanente. A etiologia é controversa, mas é sugerido que essa condição tem causa multifatorial, incluindo ambos os fatores, genéticos e ambientais. Radiograficamente cúspides em garra são estruturas radiopacas, nas quais o esmalte, dentina e ocasionalmente a polpa podem ser vistos. A alteração é geralmente assintomática, mas pode causar problemas clínicos eventualmente. O diagnóstico precoce é importante para prevenir interferência oclusal, irritação na língua, necrose pulpar, cáries e alteração periodontal. O manejo clínico das cúspides em garra pode ser tanto conservativo quanto radical, dependendo do tamanho e forma do dente afetado. Nós relatamos um raro caso de cúspides em garra envolvendo todos os 6 dentes maxilares anteriores em um paciente de 20 anos de idade.

FGF-2, TGFâ-1, PDGF-A and respective receptors expression in pleomorphic adenoma myoepithelial cells: an in vivo and in vitro study

Myoepithelial cells have an important role in salivary gland tumor development, contributing to a low grade of aggressiveness of these tumors. Normal myoepithelial cells are known by their suppressor function presenting increased expression of extracellular matrix genes and protease inhibitors. The importance of stromal cells and growth factors during tumor initiation and progression has been highlighted by recent literature. Many tumors result from the alteration of paracrine growth factors pathways. Growth factors mediate a wide variety of biological processes such as development, tissue repair and tumorigenesis, and also contribute to cellular proliferation and transformation in neoplastic cells. OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the expression of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), transforming growth factor â-1 (TGFâ-1), platelet-derived growth factor-A (PDGF-A) and their respective receptors (FGFR-1, FGFR-2, TGFâR-II and PDGFR-á) in myoepithelial cells from pleomorphic adenomas (PA) by in vivo and in vitro experiments. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Serial sections were obtained from paraffin-embedded PA samples obtained from the school's files. Myoepithelial cells were obtained from explants of PA tumors provided by surgery from different donors. Immunohistochemistry, cell culture and immunofluorescence assays were used to evaluate growth factor expression. RESULTS: The present findings demonstrated that myoepithelial cells from PA were mainly positive to FGF-2 and FGFR-1 by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. PDGF-A and PDGFR-á had moderate expression by immunohistochemistry and presented punctated deposits throughout cytoplasm of myoepithelial cells. FGFR-2, TGFâ-1 and TGFâR-II were negative in all samples. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggested that FGF-2 compared to the other studied growth factors has an important role in PA benign myoepithelial cells, probably contributing to proliferation of ...

Reconstruções maxilares utilizando enxerto de crista ilíaca / Maxillary reconstruction using grafts of iliac crest

A reabilitação de pacientes com severa atrofia maxilar e que desejam utilizar próteses implantossuportadas, geralmente, necessita de procedimentos de aumento do suporte ósseo. Esses, na maior parte dos casos, são realizados utilizando-se materiais de enxertos, sendo o osso autógeno o material que melhor satisfaz as características do enxerto ideal. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo mostrar três casos clínicos com pacientes que apresentaram-se com maxilas atróficas, sendo os mesmos reabilitados por meio de enxertos de crista ilíaca, utilizados em bloco e particulados, antes da colocação dos implantes.

The rehabilitation of patients with severe maxillary atrophy and those who want to use implant-supported prosthesis, usually, needs procedures to increase the bony support. These, in most of the cases, are accomplished through materials of grafts, being the autogenic bone the material that best satisfies the characteristics of the ideal graft. The present paper has as objective show three clinical cases with patients that presented with maxillary atrophy which were rehabilitated through grafts of iliac crest, used in block and particulated, previously to the placement of the implant.

Prevalência de alterações da mucosa bucal em indivíduos adultos da população de Uberaba, Minas Gerais / Prevalence of changes in oral mucosa in adults in the population of Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência das alterações da mucosa bucal em brasileiros adultos residentes na cidade de Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Métodos: Uma amostra randomizada em relação à idade, sexo, etnia foi obtida compreendendo 1 006 indivíduos acima de vinte anos de idade. Os indivíduos foram examinados de acordo com o guia proposto por Marcucci(1). Resultados: Dos indivíduos examinados, 54,4% apresentaram alguma alteração da mucosa bucal, desses 35,2% com alterações dentro do padrão de normalidade e 32,2% com lesões de mucosa bucal (12,6% dos indivíduos apresentaram as duas condições). A gengivite foi a lesão mais comum (6,6%). Outras lesões também encontradas foram: candidíase (4,5%), fibroma (3,2%), hiperplasia fibrosa inflamatória (3,1%), queilite actínica (2,4%), úlcera traumática (1,7%), mucocele (1,2%), leucoplasia bucal (1,2%) e afta menor (1,2%). Dentre as alterações dentro do padrão de normalidade a alteração mais comum foram varizes sublinguais (9,9%), seguido por grânulos de Fordyce (6,6%), língua fissurada (3,2%), leucoedema (3,1%), língua geográfica (2,7%), toro mandibular (2,1%), linha alba (2,1%), língua pilosa (1,4%) e toro palatino (1,0%). Biópsias foram realizadas em 31 casos clinicamente indicados, nenhum câncer foi registrado. Conclusão: As condições encontradas entre os brasileiros são essencialmente as mesmas descritas em outras partes do mundo e diversos fatores aumentam a probabilidade do surgimento de lesões específicas de mucosa bucal.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of oral mucosal alterations among Brazilian adults of the Uberaba, city of Minas Gerais state of Brazil. Methods: A random sample of age, gender, and race was obtained comprising 1 006 individuals over the age of twenty years. Individuals were interviewed and examined according to the Marcucci guide(1). Results: Prevalence of oral mucosal alterations in the sample was 54.4%, with 32.2% presenting oral mucosal lesions and 35.2% with normal alterations (12.6% of the individuals exhibited the two conditions). The most common lesion was gingivitis (6.6%) followed by candidiasis (4.5%), fibroma (3.2%), inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (3.1%), actinic cheilitis (2.4%), traumatic ulcers (1.7%) mucocele (1.2%), minor aphta (1.2%), oral leukoplakia (1.2%). Sublingual varix was the most frequent (9.9%) among the normality conditions, followed by Fordyce spot (6.6%), fissured tongue (3.2%), leukoedema (3.1%), geographic tongue (2.7%), torus mandibularis (2.1%), linea alba (2.1%), hairy tongue (1.4%), torus palatinus (1.0%). Biopsies were performed in 31 clinically indicated cases and no case of oral cancer was observed. Conclusion: Conditions observed among this Brazilian population were essentially the same as those that have been described in other populations around the world. Different factors increased the probability of specific oral mucosal conditions.

Immunohistochemical analysis for CD21, CD35, Caldesmon and S100 protein on dendritic cells types in oral lymphomas

OBJECTIVE: Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) and interdigitating dendritic cells (IDCs) are dendritic cells found in lymphoid follicles, reactive follicles and in lymphomas. The goal of this study was to evaluate the presence and distribution of FDCs and IDCs in oral lymphomas. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Immunohistochemistry reactions were applied to 50 oral lymphomas using the antibodies anti-CD21, anti-CD35 and anti-caldesmon to FDCs, and anti-S100 protein to IDCs. Caldesmon+/FDCs and S100+/IDCs were quantified in Imagelab® software. RESULTS: FDCs revealed by CD21 and CD35 were positively stained in two cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, one MALT lymphoma, and in one case of mantle cell lymphoma. FDCs were immunopositive to caldesmon in all cases, as well as IDCs to S100 protein. Burkitt lymphoma presented a lower amount of caldesmon+/FDCs and S100+/IDCs than diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and plasmablastic lymphoma of the oral mucosa type. CONCLUSIONS: The microenvironment determined by neoplastic lymphoid cells in oral lymphomas is responsible by the development and expression of dendritic cells types.

Dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) expression in developing human teeth

Dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) is an acidic phosphoprotein that plays an important role in mineralized tissue formation by initiation of nucleation and modulation of mineral phase morphology. The purpose of the present study was to examine the immunoexpression of DMP1 in tooth germs of 7 human fetuses at different gestational ages (14, 16, 19, 20, 21, 23 and 24 weeks) comparing with completed tooth formation erupted teeth. The results showed the presence of DMP1 in the dental lamina, as well as in the cells of the external epithelium, stellate reticulum and stratum intermedium of the enamel organ. However, in the internal dental epithelium, cervical loop region and dental papilla some cells have not labeled for DMP1. In the crown stage, DMP1 was expressed in the ameloblast and odontoblast layer, as well as in the dentinal tubules of coronal dentin near the odontoblast area. Erupted teeth with complete tooth formation exhibited immunolabeling for DMP1 only in the dentinal tubules mainly close to the dental pulp. No staining was observed in the enamel, predentin or dental pulp matrix. DMP1 is present in all developing dental structures (dental lamina, enamel organ, dental papilla) presenting few immunoexpression variations, with no staining in mineralized enamel and dentin.

A proteína da matriz dentinária 1 (DMP1) é uma fosfoproteína ácida que tem sido relacionada diretamente ao processo de mineralização dos tecidos em formação sendo iniciadora do processo de nucleação e modulação da fase mineral. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a imunoexpressão da DMP1 em germes dentários em diferentes fases da odontogênese, obtidos de 7 fetos humanos em diversos estágios gestacionais (14, 16, 19, 20, 21, 23 e 24 semanas), comparando-se com dentes com rizogênese completa. Os resultados mostraram que a DMP1 esteve expressa na lâmina dentária, bem como, nas células do epitélio externo, retículo estrelado e estrato intermediário do órgão do esmalte. Diferentemente, no epitélio interno do órgão do esmalte, alça cervical e papila dentária algumas células não apresentaram a DMP1. Nas fases de coroa, os ameloblastos e odontoblastos apresentaram marcação positiva para a DMP1, bem como os túbulos dentinários da dentina coronária próximos à região odontoblástica. Os dentes com rizogênese completa exibiram marcação para a DMP1 apenas nos túbulos dentinários principalmente próximos à polpa dentária. Nenhuma marcação foi observada na matriz de esmalte ou pré-dentina, nem na polpa dentária. Concluímos que a DMP1 está presente em todas as fases da odontogênese, tanto na lâmina dentária, órgão do esmalte, bem como na papila dentária, com pequenas variações de nuances de expressão, estando ausente na dentina e esmalte mineralizados.

Interstitial and Langerhans' dendritic cells in chronic periodontitis and gingivitis.

The aim of the present study was to compare quantitatively the distribution of dendritic cell subpopulations in chronic periodontitis and gingivitis. Fourteen biopsies from patients with chronic periodontitis and fifteen from patients with gingivitis were studied. An immunoperoxidase technique was used to quantify the number of Langerhans' cells (CD1a) and interstitial dendritic cells (factor XIIIa) in the oral and sulcular and junctional/pocket epithelia and in the lamina propria. A greater number of factor XIIIa+ dendritic cells in the lamina propria and CD1a+ dendritic cells in the oral epithelium were observed in gingivitis compared to the periodontitis group (p = 0.05). In the sulcular and junctional/pocket epithelia and in the lamina propria, the number of CD1a+ dendritic cells was similar in the gingivitis and periodontitis groups. In conclusion, the number of Langerhans' cells in the oral epithelium and interstitial dendritic cells in the lamina propria is increased in gingivitis compared to periodontitis, which may contribute to the different pattern of host response in these diseases.

Tumor de células granulares: relato de caso em uma localização incomum / Granular cell tumor: case report in an uncommon location

O tumor de células granulares é uma neoplasia benigna relativamente rara que pode ocorrer em qualquer parte do corpo, sendo que na cavidade oral a língua é o local mais comumente afetado. Geralmente são nodulares, únicos, bem delimitados, assintomáticos, de crescimento lento, mais freqüente no gênero feminino durante a quarta e sexta décadas de vida. Histologicamente é caracterizado por uma proliferação de células poligonais de aspecto granular que se agrupam em ninhos, cordões ou lençol e apresentam uma forte marcação imunoistoquímicamente para a proteína S-100, podendo também estar presente uma hiperplasia pseudo-epiteliomatosa. O tratamento de escolha é a sua completa remoção cirúrgica e o prognóstico em geral é bom, com raras recidivas, entretanto, casos de agressividade local e transformação maligna são relatados na literatura. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar um caso clínico de tumorde células granulares localizado em um sítio incomum, mostrando seu aspecto clínico, histopatológico, imunoistoquímico e formas de tratamento.

Granular cell tumor is a relatively rare, benign neoplasia that can occur in any part of the body, and in the oral cavity, the tongue is the location most commonly affected. They are generally nodular, single, well delimited, asymptomatic, slow growing, and most frequent in women during the fourth and sixth decades of life. Histologically it is characterized by a proliferation of polygonal cells with a granular appearance, which group themselves in nests, cords or sheets and present a strong immunohistochemical marker for S-100 protein, and a pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia can also be present. The treatment of choice is its complete surgical removal and in general, the prognosis is good, with rare recurrences, however cases of local aggressiveness and malign transformation have been related in the literature. The aim of this article was to relate a clinical case of granular cell tumor located in an uncommon site, showing its clinical, histopathologic and immunohistochemical aspects and forms of treatment.

Tenascin and fibronectin expression in carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma.

This study was conducted to analyze the participation of tenascin and fibronectin, components of the extracellular matrix, in different types of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA). Seventeen cases of CXPA, classified according to the presence of epithelial and myoepithelial cells and the degree of invasion-intracapsular, minimally, and frankly invasive carcinoma-were immunohistochemically labeled for tenascin and fibronectin. Normal salivary gland included in the specimens showed tenascin only around the excretory duct, and fibronectin slightly expressed all over the stroma of the gland. In reminiscent pleomorphic adenoma, tenascin and fibronectin were observed around tubular structures and in the stroma. Both tenascin and fibronectin were expressed in all the CXPA studied. In areas of in situ carcinoma of the intracapsular type, the expression of these extracellular matrix proteins was enhanced compared with areas of residual pleomorphic adenoma. In intracapsular and minimally invasive types of CXPA, some areas of the tumor border presented tenascin and no fibronectin, pattern that may represent the real invasive front. In frankly invasive CXPA type with only epithelial component, fibronectin was strongly observed in a fibrillar network pattern, and tenascin was only focal. In frankly invasive type with myoepithelial component, tenascin staining was very strong and diffuse. This study showed different patterns of expression of tenascin and fibronectin along the process of tumorigenesis and tumor progression in CXPA, a fact that might play a role in invasion properties of these tumors.

Susceptibilidade genética a periodontite crónica / Genetic susceptibility to chronic periodontitis

O fator etiológico primário das doenças periodontais é o biofilme dentário. Entretanto, os pacientes respondem diferentemente à agressão bacteriana e à quantidade e os tipos de bactérias não explicam essa diferença. Recentemente, estudos têm sugerido que uma significante parte da predisposição ou resistência individual à periodontite pode estar relacionada a fatores genéticos. Vários polimorfismos estão sendo associados com a severidade da periodontite crónica, principalmente o polimorfismo no gene da Interleucina IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, fator de necrose tumoral (TNF)-α, receptor de vitamina D (VDR), receptor de imunoglogulina (FcγR), CD 14 e matriz metaloproteinases. A premissa básica é de que os genes deter-minam a variabilidade de expressão de substâncias envolvidas na síntese e reabsorção dos tecidos periodontais ou influencia os processos inflamatórios e resposta imunológica. Entretanto, estudos complementares e em diferentes raças, controlando-se outros fatores de risco, são necessários para que esses fatores genéticos possam ser confirmados como fatores de risco para a periodontite crónica

Extraosseous calcifying odontogenic cyst: a case report and a literature review

The calcifying odontogenic cyst is an uncommon odontogenic lesion that can have intra- or extraosseous occurrence with both cystic or tumor behavior. A report of an extraosseous calcifying odontogenic cyst (ECOC) in a 57-year-old black woman is presented as well as a review of the literature about the lesion. The clinical, radiographic and histopathologic features are discussed, along with etiology and treatment.

O cisto odontogênico calcificante é uma lesão odontogênica incomum que pode ser intra ou extra-óssea, tanto com um comportamento cístico quanto com um comportamento neoplásico. Neste trabalho está sendo apresentado o relato de um caso de cisto odontogênico calcificante em uma mulher da raça negra, com 57 anos de idade, bem como uma revisão da literatura sobre a lesão. Os achados clínicos, radiográficos e histopatológicos são discutidos, assim como sua etiologia e o seu tratamento.